Hermeneutics - 5
3. How Jesus and the Apostles Use the Old Testament
The direct quotation in new testament and explanation quotation and suggestion quotation in the New Testament are combined to make up 10% of the New Testament. Roger Nicole says that the Old Testament quoted in the New Testament is number 224.
He said that Jesus and the apostles quoted the Old Testament.
1) How Jesus use the Old Testament
a) Jesus recognized the Old Testament history as the actual history and used it. Jesus did not doubt the historical accuracy of the Old Testament.
b) Jesus uses the common will rather than the allegorical or mysterious meaning of the Old Testament to explain the truth.
The Cain and Abel events of Genesis 4:8 teach a lesson about judgment in Luke 11:51.
c) When religious leaders said that they interpreted the Bible at the time, Jesus blamed them for their religious traditions (Mark 7:6-13; Matthew 15:1-9).
d) When Jesus quotes the Old Testament, the scribes and Pharisees failed to tell why Jesus was misused.
The reason is that Jesus quoted the Old Testament correctly. (Mt 7: 28, 29)
2) The apostles, like Jesus, received the Old Testament as the inspired Word of God (2 Tim. 3:16; 2 Pet. 1:21).
And the apostles admitted that the Old Testament was accurate as a historical event. (Ac 7:9-50; 13:16-22; Hebrews 11)
So I relied on the Old Testament when there were controversies or questions
.
a) The apostles directly quoted the Old Testament.
Psalm 14:1-3 (LXX 13:1-3) is used in Romans 3:10-18.
Psalm 32:1-2 (LXX 31:1-2) is used in Romans 4:7-8.
Genesis 2:24 is used in Matthew 19:5, Mark 10:7-8, 1 Corinthians 6:16, and Ephesians 5:31.
b) The apostles would revise and quote the Old Testament order
(Acts 2:17-21).
c) The apostles literally interpreted the Old Testament.
4. Interpretation of Marcion.
Malcion denies the Old Testament.
Claims that the Old Testament Creator is not Jesus' Father.
He is a Paulist enough to think that only Paul is a disciple of Jesus.
Malcion is an erroneous heresy, but one who admits literal interpretation.
5. Interpretation of church father
1) The school of Alexandria
Motto (Motto) “If you do not believe, you will not understand” (Isaiah 7:9) is the motto of this school.
This interpretation was wrong and opened the way to allegorical interpretation.
Revised version: “If you don't believe, you will not stand firmly.”
a) Clement of Alexandria (150AD-215)
Clement said, "The mystery of the Bible is not known to all, but to the right Christians chosen for true knowledge."
There are five secrets that he said.
These are Historical Sense, Doctrinal Sense, Prophetic Sense, Philosophical sense and Mystical Sense.
Let's look at an example interpreted by Clement.
Genesis 22:1-4 Abraham's journey to Moriah.
“When Abraham arrived on the third day at the place God had commanded him, he lifted his eyes and looked far away.
because
The first day consisted of seeing good things,
The second day is the best hope of the soul,
On the third day, the eyes of understanding are opened by the resurrected teacher on the third day, and the mind senses spiritual things.
For three days, you will truly believe in God
It can be the secret of sealing (baptism).” And (Ununderstandable interpretation)
b) Origen of Alexandria and Caesarea (185AD-254)
Origen is Clement's excellent successor.
And he believed that the Bible was full of allegory.
Origen believed that literal interpretation corresponds to the body, moral interpretation to the soul, and allegory or mystical interpretation to the spirit. This method of interpretation is erroneous.
2) The school of Antioch
The Antioch school was developed at Surya Antioch, and was in a more healthy position than the school of Alexandria.
The school of Antioch kept the allegorical interpretation and pursued the grammatical-historical interpretation.
Representatives of the Antioch School:
a) Theophilus of Antiochia AD 115 ~ 188
b) Diodorus of Tarsus- AD 393 dead
c) Theodore of Mopsuestia AD 350 ~ 428
d) John Chrysostom AD 347 ~ 407
e) Theodoret- AD 386 ~ 458
Theodore and John Chrysostom is the representative among the above.
The two people have different views, and the difference is:
John Chrysostom | Theodore |
The word of God is inerrancy of the Bible | We should have a free view |
It is spiritual and practical | It is the intellectual and the doctrinal |
exegetical scholar, preacher | Interpreter |
3) The school of Jerome and Augustine
Jerome (347–419 AD) is well known as a translator.
At first I followed the allegorical interpretation, but later came out here.
Bible translation The Vulgate version was translated by Jerome.
Augustine (354-430 AD), before becoming a Christian, he was a Manichaean.
Manichaeism believed in terrible literalism.
Literacy is very difficult to understand the Old Testament.
At this time, Ambrose understood many of the Old Testament parts of Augustine through an allegorical interpretation.
The basis of Augustine's allegorical interpretation is, "The law is to kill, and the spirit to save (2 Cor. 3:6)."
The literal interpretation of the Bible is thought to be killing and the interpretation of allegory and spirituality is thought to be alive.